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Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

Why?

Why you would quote:

  • It would be difficult to re-phrase the original text
  • The original text is so perfect and/or unique that re-phrasing it would lose its meaning

Example:

Original- The widespread availability and use of heroin has created a major public health crisis in the United States. The number of heroin users doubled from 2000 to 2013, rising from 1.0 per 1,000 persons in 2000 to 2.0 per 1,000 persons in 2013; heroin overdose deaths have also more than tripled since 2002.

Quote in a paper- Heroin users in the United States has grown over the years "from 1.0 per 1,000 persons in 2000 to 2.0 per 1,000 persons in 2013." 


APA

In-text citation:

Format for an article-

(Author, year, page or paragraph number)

Example-

Heroin users in the United States has grown over the years "from 1.0 per 1,000 persons in 2000 to 2.0 per 1,000 persons in 2013"

(Jiang et al., 2017, p. 1).

Full citation (in References page):

Format for an article-

Author(s). (Year). Title of article. Journal title, volume number(issue number), page numbers. doi number or URL link 

Example-

Jiang, R., Lee, I., Lee, T. A., & Pickard, A. S. (2017). The societal cost of heroin use disorder in the United States. PLoS ONE, 12(5),

1-15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177323


MLA

In-text citation:

Format for an article-

(Author page number)

Example-

From 2002 to 2013, "heroin overdose deaths have also more than tripled" (Jiang et al. e0177323).

Full citation (in Works Cited page):

Format for an article-

Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Journal, Volume, Issue, year, pages.

Example-

Jiang, Ruixuan, et al. "The Societal Cost of Heroin Use Disorder in the United States." PLoS ONE, vol. 12, no. 5, 2017, p. e0177323.