Hematological, Immunological, and Endocrine Disorders - NUR 1310 - Resources for Pediatric Nursing

eBook: Hematological Disorders

Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology by John P. Greer (Editor); Daniel A. Arber (Editor); John Foerster (Editor); Bertil Glader (Editor); Alan F. List (Editor); Robert T. Means (Editor); Frixos Paraskevas (Editor); George M. Rodgers (Editor)
ISBN: 9781451172683
Publication Date: 2013-11-04
The first edition of Wintrobe,,s Clinical Hematology (then called, simply, Clinical Hematology), was published in 1942 and clearly established hematology as a distinct subspecialty of Internal Medicine. The appeal of Wintrobe has always been its ability to correlate basic science with the clinical practice of hematology. This coupled with the power of the Wintrobe name has helped to set it apart from the competition. The book is encyclopedic in its coverage of biology and pathophysiology as well as of clinical practice. It offers an exhaustive panorama of diagrams, figures, standard and electron micrographs, algorithms, schemas, and protocols%all in color. Readers of Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology will find a comprehensive, encyclopedic, accurate, and authoritative review of classic hematology that exquisitely intertwines basic molecular biology with the clinical diagnosis and treatment of disease.

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)
Sickle cell anemia is a disease in which your body produces abnormally shaped red blood cells. The cells are shaped like a crescent or sickle. They don't last as long as normal, round red blood cells. This leads to anemia. The sickle cells also get stuck in blood vessels, blocking blood flow. This can cause pain and organ damage.

Iron Deficiency Anemia
If you have anemia, your blood does not carry enough oxygen to the rest of your body. The most common cause of anemia is not having enough iron. Your body needs iron to make hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein that gives the red color to blood. It carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Anemia has three main causes: blood loss, lack of red blood cell production, and high rates of red blood cell destruction.

Leukemia
Leukemia is cancer of the white blood cells. White blood cells help your body fight infection. Your blood cells form in your bone marrow. In leukemia, the bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells. These cells crowd out the healthy blood cells, making it hard for blood to do its work. Leukemia can develop quickly or slowly. Chronic leukemia grows slowly. In acute leukemia, the cells are very abnormal and their number increases rapidly. Adults can get either type; children with leukemia most often have an acute type.

HIV/AIDS
HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It kills or damages the body's immune system cells. AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is the most advanced stage of infection with HIV. HIV most often spreads through unprotected sex with an infected person. It may also spread by sharing drug needles or through contact with the blood of an infected person. Women can give it to their babies during pregnancy or childbirth.

Diabetes
Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. With type 1 diabetes, your body does not make insulin. With type 2 diabetes, the more common type, your body does not make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, the glucose stays in your blood. You can also have prediabetes. This means that your blood sugar is higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes. Having prediabetes puts you at a higher risk of getting type 2 diabetes.

Sepsis
Sepsis is a serious illness. It happens when your body has an overwhelming immune response to a bacterial infection. The chemicals released into the blood to fight the infection trigger widespread inflammation. This leads to blood clots and leaky blood vessels. They cause poor blood flow, which deprives your body's organs of nutrients and oxygen. In severe cases, one or more organs fail. In the worst cases, blood pressure drops and the heart weakens, leading to septic shock.

Anyone can get sepsis, but the risk is higher in people with weakened immune systems, infants and children, the elderly, and people with chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, AIDS, cancer, and kidney or liver disease.