Whenever you use another's words, facts, or ideas for your paper you must provide a parenthetical reference.This will usually be the author's last name and page number. Below is an example:
In order for a machine to think, it must execute the tasks in a fashion similar to a human's thought process (Nilsson 47).
This form of shortened in-texting citing is called parenthetical. The full citation will appear in the works cited page at the end of your paper. For this specific source; a book, it will look like this.
Nilsson, Nils J. The Quest for Artificial Intelligence: A History of Ideas and Achievements. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print.
When citing verbatim, or word for word, then you must use quotation marks. See the following example:
If machines are to think, they must "at the very least be able to do thinking-related things humans can do" (Nilsson 47).
When taking material from a secondary source, try to locate the original source if possible. If this isn't an option, name the original source or quote in a signal phrase, followed by qtd. in ("quoted in") to indicate the source you actually consulted. For example:
When you paraphrase or quote a source:
Cite only the last name of the author.
Cite the page number(s) of the paraphrased information.
Within a paragraph, the second (or third, etc.) time you site a source, list only the page number. No page number? Then you can write "(ibid.)" Use the present tense to explain what an author wrote. If your quote contains a quote, use single quotation marks (' ') around the original quote.
When your quote is longer than four lines:
• Start the quote on a new line.
• Indent the entire quote by ten spaces (two tabs).
• Don't use quotation marks.
• Double-space the entire quote (just like the rest of the paper).
• If your quote contains a quote, use double quotation marks (" ") around the original quote.