Affirmative action refers to policies and practices intended to provide members of historically underrepresented groups, such as women and ethnic minorities, greater opportunities in several areas of life, particularly education, employment, and housing. These policies act as a response to systemic discrimination experienced by these groups. Furthermore, advocates of affirmative action contend that these policies are necessary to rectify past injustices, such as the enslavement of African Americans and the displacement of Native Americans, as well as address social inequalities. (Opposing Viewpoints)